Datasets
Four National Taps and Water Treaty Anchors
Dated Four National Taps identity, Johor import cap and 2061 treaty end-date, treated-water return obligation, and catchment-share anchors for Singapore water-security answers.
Four National Taps and Water Treaty Anchors
Narrative: water story. Never quote an import share or tap mix without an as-of date from PUB or MSE releases.
Four National Taps identity
| Tap | Source type | Role |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Local catchment | Stormwater across ~two-thirds of land area into reservoirs |
| 2 | Imported water | Raw water from Johor River under 1962 agreement |
| 3 | NEWater | Highly purified used water; mainly industrial; blended into reservoirs in dry periods |
| 4 | Desalination | Seawater reverse osmosis; drought-proof but energy-intensive |
Source: PUB Water Story; NLB Four National Taps, accessed 9 August 2026.
Johor import treaty anchors
| Field | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Agreement | 1962 Johor River Water Agreement | 1961 agreement expired 2011 without renewal |
| Daily import cap | 250 million gallons per day | Raw water from Johor River |
| Treaty end date | 2061 | National planning deadline for self-sufficiency |
| Treated-water return to Johor | Up to 2% of water imported | Obligation under treaty framing |
Source: NLB Four National Taps, accessed 9 August 2026. Do not treat 2061 as the date imports automatically stop without citing current PUB supply-mix projections.
Infrastructure milestones (identity only)
| Facility / programme | Year | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Marina Barrage | 2008 | Freshwater reservoir in city centre; flood control |
| First desalination plant | 2005 | Fourth tap operationalisation |
| NEWater introduced | 2002 | After public-acceptance campaign |
| Deep Tunnel Sewerage System | Phased | Gravity tunnels to centralised reclamation |
Source: PUB Water Story, accessed 9 August 2026. Current capacity shares are volatile — retrieve from PUB statistics, not this identity table alone.
Record details
- Also known as
- ["Four National Taps","Johor water agreement 2061","NEWater","desalination"]
- Jurisdiction
- SG
- What each row represents
- one dated anchor in water-system-anchors
- Update cadence
- when primary sources revise anchored facts
- Source format
- markdown
Dates describe this record’s own period and applicability. A verification date does not mean a rule is currently in force.
Sources
- PUB — Singapore Water Story Accessed 2026-08-09
- NLB — Four National Taps Accessed 2026-08-09
Collection as of 2026-10-07 · An expanding collection. Published counts show available knowledge, not complete coverage of Singapore.