Ask 中文
← Datasets

Datasets

Transboundary Haze and PSI Anchors

Dated PSI and PM2.5 band thresholds, major historical haze peaks, THPA penalty caps, and Haze Task Force institutional facts — with index-definition caveats on historical readings.

Last verified: 2026-08-11 Status: verified

Transboundary Haze and PSI Anchors

Use each row with its index definition and averaging window. The 24-hour PSI is the official health-advisory index; 1-hour PM2.5 supports immediate decisions. Narrative lives in haze.

24-hour PSI bands

Band PSI range Use
Good 0–50 24-hour rolling average
Moderate 51–100 24-hour rolling average
Unhealthy 101–200 24-hour rolling average
Very Unhealthy 201–300 24-hour rolling average
Hazardous Above 300 24-hour rolling average

Source: NEA FAQs; haze.gov.sg, accessed 9 August 2026. PM2.5 has been included in PSI computation since April 2014.

1-hour PM2.5 concentration bands

Band Concentration (µg/m³)
Normal ≤ 55
Elevated 56–150
High 151–250
Very High ≥ 251

Source: NEA FAQs, accessed 9 August 2026.

Major historical peaks (read with index vintage)

Episode Peak reading Index type / notes Date
1997–98 Southeast Asian haze PSI 226 24-hour PSI (modern-era pre-2013 record) 1997–98 season
2013 Sumatra smoke episode 3-hour PSI 401 Widely reported all-time high under then-reported convention 21 Jun 2013
2015 El Niño episode 24-hour PSI 268–320 First Hazardous 24-hour band since 2013 reporting change 25 Sep 2015 (9am band)

Sources: BBC 2013; CNA 2015; NEA FAQs on index changes, accessed 9 August 2026.

Transboundary Haze Pollution Act (THPA) enforcement anchors

Anchor Value Notes As of
First implementation 2015 NEA used the THPA after the 2015 haze episode NEA EPD Annual Report 2015
Preventive measures notices Six foreign entities served notices Notices required measures to prevent, reduce, or control haze pollution NEA EPD Annual Report 2015
Extraterritorial reach Entities inside and outside Singapore NEA describes investigation/prosecution of entities regardless of location NEA EPD Annual Report 2015

Source: NEA legislation index; NEA EPD Annual Report 2015, accessed 11 August 2026. THPA is a Singapore statute; do not confuse with the ASEAN AATHP treaty. This dataset does not reproduce penalty maxima without a directly reachable current statute text.

Domestic preparedness

Anchor Value Notes As of
Haze Task Force agencies 28 government agencies Chaired by NEA NEA FAQs
Typical high-risk season Southwest Monsoon (~Jun–Sep, sometimes Oct) When regional smoke most likely reaches Singapore NEA

Source: NEA FAQs, accessed 9 August 2026.

Record details

Also known as
["PSI bands","PM2.5 bands Singapore","THPA fines","haze episode peaks"]
Jurisdiction
SG
What each row represents
one dated anchor in haze-anchors
Update cadence
when primary sources revise anchored facts
Source format
markdown

Dates describe this record’s own period and applicability. A verification date does not mean a rule is currently in force.

Sources

Collection as of 2026-10-07 · An expanding collection. Published counts show available knowledge, not complete coverage of Singapore.